O campo como dispositivo analítico para menores estrangeiros não acompanhados: capital, habitus e violência simbólica nos processos de acolhimento na Itália
Palavras-chave:
Menores estrangeiros não acompanhados, Teoria dos campos, Habitus, Violência simbólica, Reconhecimento, Capital culturalResumo
Este artigo propõe uma releitura teórica das trajetórias sociais dos menores estrangeiros não acompanhados (MENA) na Itália por meio da teoria dos campos de Pierre Bourdieu, em diálogo com a análise foucaultiana dos dispositivos. Não se trata de um estudo empírico original: reelabora evidências já produzidas — sobretudo uma Grounded Theory construtivista — juntamente com fontes institucionais e estatísticas. Sustenta-se que campo, capital e habitus oferecem uma ferramenta para superar as leituras individualizantes predominantes no discurso institucional, deslocando a atenção das vulnerabilidades individuais para as estruturas que as produzem. Os MENA atuam em campos heterogêneos — jurídico-institucional, educacional, residencial e das redes informais — e em um campo transnacional, cada qual com suas próprias lógicas de reconhecimento do capital. A histerese do habitus é interpretada como um nó estrutural; a violência simbólica, como desconhecimento sistêmico. Da análise decorrem implicações pedagógicas centradas no reconhecimento do capital incorporado e na formação dos profissionais como agentes de capital simbólico.
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