Quality of life and physical activity in elderly people: Autonomy, social participation and well-being

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7346/-fei-XX-03-22_13

Keywords:

Quality of life, Physical activity, Pedagogy, Elderly people

Abstract

The article presents the results of the qualitative survey “Quality of life and physical activity in Elderly People” which aimed to investigate the influence of physical activity on the quality of life of the elderly people. Five focus groups were carried out to find out the opinion of 35 participants of an exercise programme in an Italian center for training and introduction to sport. The content analysis was carried out through the application of the Schalock and Verdugo’s Quality of Life Scale. The survey showed that participation in this physical activity programme enabled participants to counteract the onset of physical and physiological age-related limitations; it favoured processes of personal and community empowerment, positively affecting aspects relating to the emotional and psychological dimension, the development of self-esteem and self-efficacy, the management of relational dynamics and promoting participation, social inclusion and the establishment of meaningful relationships.

References

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. New York: Freeman and Co.

Belza, B., Walwick, J., Shiu-Thornton, S., Schwartz, S., Taylor, M., & LoGerfo, J. (2004). Older adult perspectives on physical activity and exercise: Voices from multiple cultures. Preventing chronic disease, 1 (4), A09. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc1277949/

Booth, F. W., Roberts, C. K., Laye, M. J. (2012). Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Comprehensive Physiology, 2(2), 1143–1211. https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fcphy.c110025

Brown, I., Keith, K. D., & Schalock, R. L. (2004). Quality of life conceptualization, measurement, and application: Validation of the SIRG-QOL consumer principles. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 48, 451.

Cairo, M. T. (1993). Educazione alla salute. Soggetti e luoghi. Milano:Vita e Pensiero.

Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., & Rodgers, W. L. (1976). The Quality of American Life. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Charansonney, O.L. (2011). Physical activity and aging: a life-long story. Discovery Medicine, 12(64), 177–185.

Chiang, K. C., Seman, L., Belza B., & Tsai J. H. (2008). “It is our exercise family”: Experiences of ethnic older adults in a group-based exercise program. Preventing chronic disease, 5(1), A05. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2248786/

Consiglio Nazionale del Forum Permanente del Terzo Settore (2004). Carta dei principi dello sport per tutti. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from: http://www.forumterzosettore.it/multimedia/allegati/Carta%20dei%20principi%20sport%20x%20tutti%202004.pdf

Deci, E. L., and Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.

Deforche, B., & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. (2000). Differences in psychosocial determinants of physical activity in older adults participating in organised versus non-organised activities. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 40(4): 362–372.

Dozza, L., & Frabboni, F. (2012). Pianeta anziani: immagini, dimensioni e condizioni esistenziali. Milano: Franco Angeli.

Duncan, O. D. (1969). Toward Social Reporting: next Steps. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Engel, G. L. (1977). The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for Biomedicine. Science, 196, 4286, 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.847460

Fox, K. R. (1999). The influence of physical activity on mental well-being. Public Health and Nutrition, 2(3): 411– 418. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980099000567

Frändin, K. (2009). Physical Activity and Functional Performance in a Population Studied Longitudinally from 70 to 76 Years of Age. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.3109/11038129509106799

Gerber, Y., Benyamini, Y., Goldbourt, U., & Drory, Y. (2009). Prognostic importance and long-term determinants of self-rated health after initial acute myocardial infarction. Med Care, 47(3): 342–349. https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0b013e3181894270

Gill, D. L., Hammond, C. C., Reifsteck, E. J., Jehu, C. M., Williams, R. A., Adams, M. M., et al. (2013). Physical activity and quality of life. Journal of preventive medicine and public health, 46(1), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.3961%2Fjpmph.2013.46.S.S28

Gómez, L.E., Verdugo, M. A., Arias, B., & Navas, P. (2008). Evaluación de la calidad de vida en personas mayores y con discapacidad: la Escala Fumat. Intervención Psicosocial, 17(2), 189–199. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from http://www.copmadrid.org/webcopm/publicaciones/social/in2008v17n2a7.pdf

Gómez, L.E., Verdugo, M. A., & Arias, B. (2007). Aplicación del Modelo de Calidad de Vida en los Servicios Sociales de Cataluña. INTEGRA, 10(27), 4–5.

Hamar, B., Coberley, C. R., Pope, J. E., & Rula, E. Y. (2013). Impact of a Senior Fitness Program on Measures of Physical and Emotional Health and Functioning. Population Health Management, 16(6), 364–372. https://doi.org/10.1089%2Fpop.2012.0111

ISTAT (2019). Rapporto annuale 2019. La situazione del Paese. https://www.istat.it/storage/rapporto-annuale/2019/Sintesi2019.pdf

Jenaro, C., Verdugo, M. A., Caballo, C., Balboni, G., Lachapelle, Y., Otbrebski, W. et al., (2005). Cross-cultural study of person-centered quality of life domains and indicators: A replication. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49, 734–739. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00742.x

Karelina, K., & DeVries, A. C. (2011). Modeling social influences on human health. Psychosom Med, 73, 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1097%2FPSY.0b013e3182002116

Keith, K. D., & Bonham, G. S. (2005). The use of quality of life data at the organization and systems level. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(10), 799–805. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00755.x

Kim-Prieto, C., Diener, E., Tamir, M., Scollon, C., & Diener, M. (2005). Integrating the Diverse Definitions of Happiness: A Time-Sequential Framework of Subjective WellBeing. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6(3), 261–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-005-7226-8

Krueger, R.A., & Casey M. A. (2015.) Focus groups: a practical guide for applied research. London: Sage.

Laurin, D., Verreault, R., Lindsay, J., MacPherson, K., & Rockwood, K. (2001). Physical activity and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly persons. Archives of neurology, 58(3), 498–504. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.58.3.498

Leveille, S.G., Guralnik, J.M., Ferrucci, L., Langois, J. A. (1999). Aging Successfully until Death in Old Age: Opportunities for Increasing Active Life Expectancy. American Journal of Epidemiology, 149(7): 654–664. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009866

Lindsay-Smith, G., Eime, R., O’Sullivan, G., Harvey, J., & van Uffelen, J. G. Z. (2019). A mixed-methods case study exploring the impact of participation in community activity groups for older adults on physical activity health and wellbeing. BMC Geriatr, 19, 243. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1245-5

McAuley, E., Mullen, S. P., Szabo, A. N., White, S. M., Wójcicki, T. R., Mailey E. L., et al. (2011). Self-regulatory processes and exercise adherence in older adults: executive function and self-efficacy effects. American journal of preventive medicine. 2 41(3): 284–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.04.014

Ministero della Salute (2019). Linee di indirizzo sull’attività fisica per le differenti fasce d’età e con riferimento a situazioni fisiologiche e fisiopatologiche e a sottogruppi specifici di popolazione. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pubblicazioni_2828_allegato.pdf

Mudrák, J., Slepička, P., & Šiška, P. (2011). Physical activity and life satisfaction in seniors participating in educational programs. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Kinanthropologica, 47(1), pp. 84–95. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from https://karolinum.cz/data/clanek/779/Kinan_1_2011_09_mudrak.pdf

Netz, Y., Becker, J. B., & Wu, M. (2005). Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being in Advanced Age: A Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies. Psychology and Aging, 20(2), 272–284. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.20.2.272

Park, C., Elavsky, S., & Koo, K. (2014). Factors influencing physical activity in older adults. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation. 10 (1): 45–52. https://doi.org/10.12965%2Fjer.140089

Pinto Minerva, F. (2012). La vecchiaia. Sguardi pedagogici. In M. Baldacci, F. Frabboni, F. Pinto Minerva (Eds.), Continuare a crescere. L’anziano e l’educazione permanente. (pp. 35–59). Milano: Franco Angeli.

Ryff, C. D., Singer, B. H., Love, G. D., (2004). Positive health: Connecting well-being with biology. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 359, 1383–1394.

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self- image. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Schalock, R. L., Bonham, G. S., & Verdugo, M. A. (2008). The concept of quality of life as a framework for program planning, implementation, evaluation, and improvement. Evaluation and Program Planning 26(3): 229–235.

Schalock, R. L., Luckasson, R. A., & Shogren, K. A. (2007). The renaming of mental retardation: Understanding the change to the term intellectual disability. Intellectual and developmental disabilities, 45(2), 116–124. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556(2007)45[116:tromru]2.0.co;2

Schalock, R. L., Gardner, J. F., & Bradley, V. J. (2007). Quality of life of persons with intellectual and other developmental disabilities: Applications across individuals, organizations, communities, and systems. Washington: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

Schalock, R. L., & Verdugo, M. A. (2007). El concepto de calidad de vida en los servicios y apoyos para personas con discapacidad intelectual. Siglo Cero, 38(4), 21–36.

Schalock, R. L., & Verdugo, M. A. (2002). Handbook on quality of life for human service practitioners. Washington: American Association on Mental Retardation.

Schalock, R. L., Verdugo, M. A., Bonham, G. S., Fantova, F., & Van Loon, J. 2008. Enhancing personal outcomes: organizational strategies, guidelines, and examples. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 5(1): 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-1130.2007.00135.x

Schalock, R. L., Verdugo, M. A., Jenaro, C., Wang, M., Wehmeyer, M., Xu, J. and Lachapelle, Y. (2005). A cross-cultural study of quality of life indicators. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 110(4), 298–311. https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2005)110[298:csoqol]2.0.co;2

Sedikides, C. and Gress, A. P. (2003). Portraits of the self. In M. A. Hogg, & J. Cooper (Eds.), Sage Handbook of Social Psychology (pp. 110–138). London: Sage Publications.

Ståhl, T., Rüttenb, A., Nutbeam, D., Bauman, A., Kannas L., Abele T., et al., (2001). The importance of the social environment for physically active lifestyle. Results from an international study. Social Science & Medicine, 52(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00116-7

Tramma, S. (2017). Pedagogia dell’invecchiare. Milano: Franco Angeli.

Vaccaro, M. G., Izzo, G., Ilacqua, A., Migliaccio, S., Baldari, C., Guidetti, L., et al. (2019). Characterization of the Effects of a Six-Month Dancing as Approach for Successful Aging. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2048391, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2048391

Verdugo, M. A. (2006). Cómo mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad. Salamanca: Amarú.

Verdugo, M. A., Gómez, L. E., Arias, B., & Schalock, R. L. (2009). La Escala Integral de Calidad de Vida. Madrid: CEPE.

Vitulli, P., Femminella, G.D., Ciccarelli, A.L., Rengo, F., Lombardi, A., Cellurale, M., et. al. (2012). Exercise training and aging. Giornale di Gerontologia, 60(3): 172–181.

WHO (2019), Active Ageing. A Policy Framework. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/67215/WHO_NMH_NPH_02.8.pdf;jsessionid=EB3AB302251C1C20DAF23BF4651C7CCE?sequence=1

Downloads

Published

2022-12-30

How to Cite

Maulini, C., Federici, E., Migliorati, M., & Miatto, E. (2022). Quality of life and physical activity in elderly people: Autonomy, social participation and well-being. Formazione & Insegnamento, 20(3), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.7346/-fei-XX-03-22_13

Issue

Section

Quality of Life

Most read articles by the same author(s)