Vers une théorie de l'écologie onlife (TEO) : Lexique, cadre conceptuel et critère génératif pour l’enseignement supérieur à l'ère postnumérique
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.7346/-fei-XXIV-02-26_02Mots-clés :
Présence générative, Postnumérique, Onlife, Community of Inquiry, Distance transactionnelle, Enseignement supérieurRésumé
À l’ère postnumérique, la technologie ne constitue plus un canal séparé de l’expérience ; elle forme la trame ordinaire de la vie quotidienne ainsi que de l’éducation et de la formation. Dans ces conditions, le vocabulaire employé par la réglementation et par une partie de la littérature — notamment « à distance », « télématique » et « synchrone/asynchrone » — demeure modelé sur les technologies transmissives du XXe siècle et continue d’orienter l’accréditation, la conception pédagogique et l’évaluation. Fondé sur une revue narrative structurée orientée vers la construction théorique, cet article propose la Théorie de l’écologie onlife (TEO), une théorie de moyenne portée qui décline la présence en trois modalités : somatico-contextuelle (PSC), réémergée/augmentée (PRA) et algorithmico-synthétique (PAS). Ces modalités s’inscrivent dans une architecture écosystémique qui culmine dans la présence générative, entendue comme la production consciente et documentable de preuves d’apprentissage. Le cadre est comparé systématiquement à la Community of Inquiry, y compris ses extensions récentes, et à la Transactional Distance Theory ; pour chaque construit, l’élément différenciateur et une prédiction divergente observable sont précisés. Trois phénomènes critiques endogènes à l’écosystème onlife sont également esquissés qualitativement : saturation sémiotique, distance dissociée et paresse métacognitive. L’article se conclut par des considérations éthiques sur le suivi de la présence et par des implications de politique publique, formulées de manière conditionnelle, pour le vocabulaire réglementaire et l’accréditation de l’enseignement supérieur. La formalisation du modèle et la validation des instruments d’observation sont renvoyées à un article complémentaire dédié.
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