Valutazione in pratica: Il rapporto tra tirocinio e conoscenze e abilità valutative dei tirocinanti
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7346/-fei-XX-03-22_30Palavras-chave:
Tirocinio, Formazione pre-servizio, Valutazione, Verifica, Alfabetizzazione valutativa, Docenti, Analisi comparativaResumo
Il tirocinio è l’attività formativa che caratterizza i corsi di laurea abilitanti in quanto favorisce, con i laboratori, la costruzione del ‘sapere pratico’ necessario alla crescita della futura professionalità. Nello specifico, il tirocinio dovrebbe favorire la riflessione sulle attività svolte, riguardo la progettazione, l’implementazione e la valutazione degli interventi didattici. Il lavoro riporta uno studio condotto presso le Università di Bergamo e di Reggio Calabria sui tirocini del CdL in Scienze della Formazione Primaria. Lo studio ha voluto esplorare quanto l’esperienza di tirocinio realizzata dagli studenti influisca sui concetti di base delle conoscenze valutative e ha coinvolto un campione di 130 studenti frequentati i corsi di valutazione. L’indagine consente di affermare che gli studenti con all’attivo più ore di tirocinio svolte tendono a: a. sviluppare conoscenze valutative più legate alle circostanze reali, meno astratte e generiche; essere più inclini a cogliere aspetti di valutazione formativa, non solo sommativa. La proposta, pertanto, offre evidenze a conferma dell’importanza del tirocinio nella formazione iniziale degli insegnanti, anche per quanto riguarda l’abilità valutativa.
Referências
Agrati, L. S. (2008). Alla conquista del sapere pratico: Il laboratorio nella formazione degli insegnanti. Roma: Carocci.
Agrati, L. S., & Vinci, V. (2022). Evaluative Knowledge and Skills of Student Teachers Within the Adapted Degree Courses. Frontiers in Education, 7, 817963. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.817963
Allen, J. M., & Wright, S. E. (2014). Integrating theory and practice in the pre-service teacher education practicum. Teachers and Teaching: theory and practice, 20(2), 136–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2013.848568
Andrade, H., & Heritage, M. (2018). Using Formative Assessment to Enhance Learning, Achievement, and Academic Self-Regulation. London: Routledge.
Arnold, K-H., Gröschner, A., & Hascher, T. (2014). Pedagogical field experiences in teacher education: Introduction to the research area. In K.-H. Arnold, A. Gröschner, & T. Hascher (Eds.), Pedagogical field experiences in teacher education / Schulpraktika in der Lehrerbildung (pp. 9–25). New York-Munster: Waxmann. Retrieved September 30, 2022, from http://dx.doi.org/10.7892/boris.52526
Barnes, N., Fives, H., Dacey, C. M. (2015). Teachers’ beliefs about assessment. In H. Fives, & M. G. Gill (Ed.) International Handbook of Research on Teachers’ Beliefs (pp. 249–266). New York & London: Routledge.
Beck, C., & Kosnik, C. (2002). Components of a good practicum placement: Student teacher perspectives. Teacher Education Quarterly, 29(2), 81–98.
Berliner, D.C. (2002). Comment: Educational research: The hardest science of all. Educational Researcher, 31(8), 18–20. Retrieved September 30, 2022, from https://www.jstor.org/stable/3594389
Bertagna, G. (2016). Dall’esperienza alla ragione, e viceversa. L’alternanza formativa come metodologia dell’insegnamento. Ricerche di psicologia, 3/2016, 319–360. Retrieved September 30, 2022, from https://doi.org/10.3280/RIP2016-003004
Brevik, L. M., Blikstad-Balas, M., & Engelien, K.L. (2017). Integrating assessment for learning in the teacher education programme at the University of Oslo. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 24(2), 164–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594X.2016.1239611
Cohen, E. Hoz, R., Kaplan, H. (2013). The practicum in preservice teacher education: a review of empirical studies. Teaching Education, 24(4), 345–380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10476210.2012.711815
De Luca, C., Schneider, C., Pozas, M., & Coombs, A. (2018). Exploring the Structure and Foundations of Assessment Literacy: A Cross-cultural Comparison of German and Canadian Student Teachers. ECER 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2022, from https://eera-ecer.de/ecer-programmes/conference/23/contribution/43815/
DeLuca, C. & Klinger, D. A. (2010). Assessment literacy development: Identifying gaps in teacher candidates’ learning. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 17(4), 419–438. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594X.2010.516643
DeLuca, C., Chavez, T., & Cao, C. (2012). Establishing a foundation for valid teacher judgement on student learning: the role of pre-service assessment education. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 20(1), 107–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594X.2012.668870
Earl, L. (2003). Assessment as learning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.
Feiman-Nemser, S. (2001). From Preparation to Practice Designing a Continuum to Strengthen and Sustain Teaching. Teachers College Record, 103, 1013–1055. https://doi.org/10.1111/0161-4681.00141
Flores, M. A. (2010). School cultures and organizations and teacher induction. In Wang, J., Odell, S.J., & Clift, R.T. (2010). Past, present, and future research on teacher induction: An anthology for researchers, policy makers, and practitioners (Ch. 5). Rowman & Littlefield.
Galluzzo, G. R. (2005). Performance assessment and renewing teacher education. Clearing House, 78(4), 142–145. Retrieved September 30, 2022, from https://www.jstor.org/stable/30185898
Giraldo, F., & Murcia, D. (2019). Language assessment literacy and the professional development of pre-service language teachers. Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal, 21(2), 243–259. https://doi.org/10.14483/22487085.14514
Graham, P. (2005). Classroom‐based assessment: Changing knowledge and practice through preservice teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21, 607–621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2005.05.001
Green, S.K., & Mantz, M. (2002). Classroom assessment practices: Examining impact on student learning. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (New Orleans, LA, April 1–5, 2002). Retrieved September 30, 2022, from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED464920
Hascher, T. (2012). Lernfeld Praktikum: Evidenzbasierte Entwicklungen in der Lehrer/innenbildung. Zeitschrift für Bildungsforschung, 2(2), 109–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s35834-012-0032-6
Izci, K. & Caliskan, G. (2017). Development of prospective teachers’ conceptions of assessment and choices of assessment tasks. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 3(2), 464–474. https://doi.org/10.21890/ijres.327906
Lawson, T., Çakmak, M., Gündüz, M., & Busher, M. (2015). Research on teaching practicum – a systematic review. European Journal of Teacher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2014.994060
McGee, J. & Colby, S. (2014). Impact of an assessment course on teacher candidates’ assessment literacy. Action in Teacher Education, 36(5–6), 522–532. https://doi.org/10.1080/01626620.2014.977753
Mertler, C.A. (2003). Preservice versus inservice teachers’ assessment literacy: Does classroom experience make a difference?. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Mid‐Western Educational Research Association, (Columbus, OH, October 15-18, 2003). Retrieved September 30, 2022, from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED482277
Münster, W. Schneider, C., & Bodensohn, R. (2017). Student teachers’ appraisal of the importance of assessment in teacher education and self-reports on the development of assessment competence. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 24(2), 127–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594X.2017.1293002
O’Leary, M. (2008). Towards an agenda for professional development in assessment. Journal of In-Service Education, 34(1), 109–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674580701828252
Ogan-Bekiroglu, F. & Suzuk, E. (2014). Pre-service teachers’ assessment literacy and its implementation into practice. The Curriculum Journal, 25(3), 344–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585176.2014.899916
Perla, L. (2010). La didattica dell’implicito: Ciò che l’insegnante non sa. Brescia: La Scuola.
Perla, L. (2015). Per un modello Self-Study del Tirocinio di Scienze della Formazione Primaria a ciclo unico: prodromi di una didattica dell’accompagnamento. Formazione Lavoro Persona, 5(15), 33–44. Retrieved September 30, 2022, from https://forperlav.unibg.it/index.php/fpl/article/view/219
Perla, L. (2019). Valutare per valorizzare: La documentazione per il miglioramento di scuola, insegnanti, studenti. Brescia: La Scuola.
Perla, L., Schiavone, N., & Vinci, V., (2012). La memoria del tirocinio. Una ricerca sulla scrittura documentale degli studenti universitari. Italian Journal of Educational Research, 8, 145–162. https://ojs.pensamultimedia.it/index.php/sird/article/view/230
Perla, L., & Vinci, V. (2012). Tirocinio formativo e apprendistato di alta formazione come mediatori del sapere pratico. Risultati di un’indagine. CQIA - Centro per la qualità dell’insegnamento e dell’apprendimento, 2(5), 26–41. Retrieved September 30, 2022, from https://forperlav.unibg.it/index.php/fpl/article/view/70
Perla, L., & Vinci, V. (2021). Videovalutare l’agire competente dello studente. Excellence and Innovation in Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 119–135. https://doi.org/10.3280/exioa1-2021oa12075
Popham, W. J. (2004). All about accountability: Why assessment illiteracy is professional suicide. Educational Leadership, 62(1), 82–83.
Sheppard, L. A. (2000). The role of assessment in a learning culture. Educational Researcher, 29(7), 4–14. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X029007004
Shulman, L. S. (1987). Knowledge and teaching: Foundations of the new reform. Harvard Educational Review, 57(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.57.1.j463w79r56455411
Stiggins, R. (2002). Assessment crisis: The absence of assessment for learning. Phi Delta Kappan, 83(10), 758–765. https://doi.org/10.1177/003172170208301010
Vinci, V. (2021a). La documentazione per la valutazione. Nuova Secondaria Ricerca, 9, 445–457.
Vinci, V. (2021b). Peer review, feedback e nuovi modelli di valutazione partecipata nell’higher education: una sperimentazione presso l’Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria. EDUCATION SCIENCES & SOCIETY, 12(2), 250–264. https://doi.org/10.3280/ess2-2021oa12477
Volante, J., & Fazio, X. (2007). Exploring teacher candidates’ assessment literacy: implications for teacher education reform and professional development. Canadian Journal of Education, 30(3), 749–770. Retrieved September 30, 2022, from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ780818
Xu, Y., & Brown, G. (2016). Teacher assessment literacy in practice: A reconceptualization. Teaching and Teacher Education, 58, 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.05.010
Xu, Y., & He, L. (2019). How Pre-service Teachers’ Conceptions of Assessment Change Over Practicum: Implications for Teacher Assessment Literacy. Frontiers in Education, 4, 145. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2019.00145
Zeichner, K.M. (2010). Rethinking the connections between campus courses and field experiences in college and university-based teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 61(1/2), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487109347671
Zhang, Z., & Burry‐Stock, J. (1997). Assessment Practices Inventory: A multivariate analysis of teachers’ perceived assessment competence. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education (Chicago, IL, March 25–27, 1997). Retrieved September 30, 2022, from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED408333
Zin Oo, C., Alonzo D., & Asih, R. (2022). Acquisition of teacher assessment literacy by pre-service teachers: A review of practices and program designs. Issues in Educational Research, 32(1), 352–373. Retrieved September 30, 2022, from http://www.iier.org.au/iier32/oo.pdf
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2022 Laura Sara Agrati, Viviana Vinci
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Formazione & insegnamento é distribuído sob a Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
Para obter mais detalhes, consulte nossa Política de Repositório e Arquivamento, bem como nossos Termos de Direitos Autorais e Licenciamento.
