Il mito dell’infanzia nel Kalevala: Un caso di fatalismo formativo nel patrimonio culturale finlandese
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7346/-fei-XXII-01-24_18Parole chiave:
Educazione informale, Finlandia, Infanzia, Kalevala, Mitologia, Patrimonio culturale, Fatalismo formativoAbstract
Il Kalevala, poema epico finlandese per eccellenza, ospita un repertorio singolare di episodi riferiti a una concezione ‘mitologica’ dell’infanzia. Ciò lo rende un proficuo ambito di applicazione per uno studio dell’educazione informale in connessione al patrimonio culturale. Dopo aver stabilito come quest’ultimo costituisca la chiave di volta per lo studio dei processi informali di apprendimento, il presente contributo adotta la prospettiva dell’Umanesimo Metropolita per l’Educazione [Greater Humanities for Education] allo scopo di condurre un’analisi tematica delle istanze del Kalevala riguardanti l’infanzia che tenga conto delle dimensioni empirica, storica, ermeneutica ed etico-morale del fenomeno letterario in questione. Lo studio di caso che ne deriva mostra un concetto poliedrico di infanzia, che alterna concezioni deficitarie a forme di eccezionalismo. Dalle articolazioni di tale concetto emerge una teoria folk della formazione che in questo contributo è ribattezzata fatalismo formativo. A conclusione dell’elaborato, si ricavano induttivamente i tre pilastri del fatalismo formativo del Kalevala: (i) il determinismo intergenerazionale (storia); (ii) il quasi-determinismo della tradizione; (iii) l’idiosincrasia formativa dei percorsi esistenziali individuali. Vista l’ampia patrimonializzazione del Kalevala e il suo ruolo nella formazione dell’identità collettiva finlandese, si conclude riflettendo su come tale fatalismo possa coniugarsi con gli aspetti più progressisti della società finlandese contemporanea.
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