El mito de la infancia en el Kalevala: Un caso de fatalismo formativo en el patrimonio cultural finlandés
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7346/-fei-XXII-01-24_18Palabras clave:
Educación informal, Finlandia, Infancia, Kalevala, Mitología, Patrimonio cultural, Fatalismo formativoResumen
El Kalevala, poema épico finlandés por excelencia, alberga un repertorio singular de episodios relacionados con una concepción 'mitológica' de la infancia. Esto lo convierte en un ámbito fructífero para el estudio de la educación informal en conexión con el patrimonio cultural. Tras establecer cómo este último constituye la clave de bóveda para el estudio de los procesos informales de aprendizaje, el presente artículo adopta la perspectiva del Humanismo Metropolita para la Educación [Greater Humanities for Education] con el fin de realizar un análisis temático de las instancias del Kalevala relativas a la infancia que tenga en cuenta las dimensiones empírica, histórica, hermenéutica y ético-moral del fenómeno literario en cuestión. El estudio de caso resultante muestra un concepto poliédrico de la infancia, que alterna concepciones deficitarias con formas de excepcionalismo. De las articulaciones de dicho concepto emerge una teoría popular de la formación que en este artículo se denomina fatalismo formativo. A modo de conclusión, se derivan inductivamente los tres pilares del fatalismo formativo del Kalevala: (i) el determinismo intergeneracional (historia); (ii) el cuasi-determinismo de la tradición; (iii) la idiosincrasia formativa de los caminos existenciales individuales. Dada la amplia patrimonialización del Kalevala y su papel en la formación de la identidad colectiva finlandesa, se concluye reflexionando sobre cómo dicho fatalismo puede conciliarse con los aspectos más progresistas de la sociedad finlandesa contemporánea.
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