Faiseurs de clés: Tournants généalogiques et leur impact ontologique à l'ère du gatekeeping et de la bibliométrie
Mots-clés :
Publications Scientifiques, Gatekeeping Éditorial, Bibliométrie, Pergamon Press, Eugene Garfield, Néolibéralisme Dans La Science, Philosophie De La Communication ScientifiqueRésumé
Cet essai propose une réflexion philosophique sur le monde des publications scientifiques en examinant la relation entre le gatekeeping éditorial, les infrastructures bibliométriques et les asymétries de pouvoir. Il distingue d'abord une compréhension positive du gatekeeping, conçu comme une pratique complexe de médiation et de coordination, et une compréhension négative, dans laquelle il apparaît comme un dispositif excluant et colonial. Sur cette base, il développe une enquête généalogique autour de deux tournants décisifs de l'édition scientifique de l'après-Seconde Guerre mondiale: la Pergamon Press de Robert Maxwell et l'Institute for Scientific Information d'Eugene Garfield. L'essai soutient que ces deux trajectoires ont contribué à la consolidation d'un ordre éditorial néolibéral marqué par la marchandisation, la fragmentation des savoirs et les inégalités structurelles de visibilité scientifique à l'échelle mondiale. L'analyse passe ensuite du plan généalogique au plan ontologique, en avançant que les instruments bibliométriques ne se contentent pas de mesurer la valeur scientifique, mais tendent de plus en plus à fonctionner comme des techniques ritualisées qui promettent un accès privilégié à celle-ci. La conclusion affirme qu'un tel ordre repose sur une compréhension partielle et déformée de la valeur scientifique, et que toute transformation authentique du système exige une reconsidération critique de ses dispositifs sous-jacents.
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