The shifting landscape of kinesiology in Italy: A call for epistemological re-evaluation and curricular reform

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7346/-fei-XXIII-01-25_19

Keywords:

Kinesiology, Curricular Reform, Biomedical, Professionalisation, International Standards

Abstract

The paper examines the challenges hindering the development and professionalization of kinesiology (Sport and Exercise Sciences) in Italy, focusing on legislative inconsistencies, curricular variability, and a biomedical research bias. Through mixed-methods analysis of legislative documents, academic curricula, and research outputs, the study analyse significant disparities in ECTS credit distribution across Italian degree programs (L-22, LM-67, LM-68), leading to fragmented graduate competencies. Additionally, a dominant focus on biomedical research neglects critical areas like motor control, sport pedagogy, and inclusive exercise design, limiting interdisciplinary engagement. Comparative analysis highlights misalignment with international standards in education and research. The paper advocates for curricular standardization, broader epistemological integration of social and behavioural sciences, and structural reforms to foster interdisciplinary collaboration. By aligning with global frameworks and addressing institutional fragmentation, Italy can enhance kinesiology’s role in public health, athletic performance, and equitable access to physical activity.

References

Baccini, A., De Nicolao, G., & Petrovich, E. (2019). Citation gaming induced by bibliometric evaluation: a country-level comparative analysis. PLoS One, 14(9), e0221212. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221212

Bruce, L., Bellesini, K., Aisbett, B., Drinkwater, E. J., & Kremer, P. (2022). A profile of the skills, attributes, development, and employment opportunities for sport scientists in Australia. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 25(5), 419–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2021.12.009

Canadian Kinesiology Alliance, (2025). What Is Kinesiology? Who Are Kinesiologists? Retrieved from https://www.cka.ca/en/what-is-kinesiology

Cereda, F. (2023). Methods and Teaching of Motor Activities - From Theory to Evidence Practice. Universitas Studiorum.

Champely, S., Fargier, P., & Camy, J. (2017). Disciplinarity and sport science in Europe: A statistical and sociological study of ECSS conference abstracts. European journal of sport science, 17(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2016.1197318

Cruickshank, A., Martindale, A., & Collins, D. (2020). Raising our game: the necessity and progression of expertise-based training in applied sport psychology. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 32(3), 237-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2018.1492471

CUN, (2016). Adunanza del 28 settembre 2016. Proposta di un elenco di parole chiave, in lingua italiana e inglese, relativo agli indicatori scientifico-disciplinari utili all’identificazione del profilo scientifico dei ricercatori. Retrieved from https://www.cun.it/uploads/6352/proposta_28_09_2016.pdf?v

CUN, (2017). Resoconto n. 211. Adunanza del 5 luglio 2017. Raccomandazione su inquadramento di P.O. dei SSD M-EDF nell’area 06. Retrieved from https://www.cun.it/comunicazione/informacun/sessione/211/informacun-211

CUN, (2018). Parere generale n.22. Adunanza del 2 maggio 2018. Modello di aggiornamento e razionalizzazione della classificazione dei saperi accademici e del sistema delle classi di corso di studio. Retrieved from https://www.cun.it/uploads/6806/2_PAREREGENERALECUNSAPERIEOFFERTAFORMATIVA.pdf

CUN, (2023). Analisi e proposte del 23 luglio 2023. Retrieved from https://www.cun.it/provvedimenti/sessione/327/analisi_e_proposte/analisi-e-proposta-del-23-03-2023

D’Elia, F., & Raiola, G. (2019). La progettazione delle attività motorie e sportive nella scuola italiana Formazione & Insegnamento, XVII – 2 – 2019. ISSN 2279-7505 (online). https://doi.org/10.7346/-fei-XVII-02-19_03

D’Elia, F., Mazzeo, F., & Raiola, G. (2018). The core curriculum in the university training of the teacher of physical education in Italy. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 13(Proc 2), S413-S420. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2018.13.Proc2.25

D’Isanto, T., Altavilla, G., Esposito, G., Raiola, G., & D’Elia, F. (2023). Physical activity and sports sciences field in Italian scientific research products and its distinct composition in biomedicine, exercise and sports sciences and pedagogy domains. Sport Sciences for Health, 19, 987-991. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-023-01045-z

D’Isanto, T., D’Elia, F., Altavilla, G., Aliberti, S., Esposito, G., Di Domenico, F., & Raiola, G. (2022). In Italy compatibility between qualifying training objectives of degree courses in sport sciences and exercise and the kinesiologist profile. Trends in Sport Sciences, 29(3), 99-105. https://doi.org/10.23829/TSS.2022.29.3-3

D’Isanto, T., Esposito, G., Altavilla, G., D’Elia, F., & Raiola, G. (2024). Scientific identity and epistemology of movement, exercise, and sport sciences through the analysis of scientific production of Italian full professors. Frontiers in Education, 9, 1176632. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1176632

Earle, R. W., & Baechle, T. R. (2004). NSCA’s essentials of personal training. Human Kinetics.

Edwards, M. A., & Roy, S. (2017). Academic research in the 21st century: maintaining scientific integrity in a climate of perverse incentives and hypercompetition. Environmental Engineering Science, 34(1), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2016.0223

European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice (2024). The European Higher Education Area in 2024: Bologna Process Implementation Report. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.

Gazzetta Ufficiale, (1998). Decreto legislativo 8 maggio 1998, n. 178. Trasformazione degli Istituti superiori di educazione fisica e istituzione di facoltà e di corsi di laurea e di diploma in scienze motorie, a norma dell’articolo 17, comma 115, della legge 15 maggio 1997, n. 127. Retrieved from https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/1998/06/08/098G0226/sg

Gazzetta Ufficiale, (2000). Decreto ministeriale 4 ottobre 2000. Rideterminazione e aggiornamento dei settori scientifico-disciplinari e definizione delle relative declaratorie, ai sensi dell’art. 2 del decreto ministeriale 23 dicembre 1999. Retrieved from https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2000/10/24/00A13012/sg

Gazzetta Ufficiale, (2011). Decreto ministeriale 29 luglio 2011 n.336. Determinazione dei settori concorsuali, raggruppati in macrosettori concorsuali, di cui all’articolo 15, legge 30 dicembre 2010, n. 240. Retrieved from https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2011/09/01/11A11321/sg

Gazzetta Ufficiale, (2015). Decreto ministeriale 30 ottobre 2015 n. 885. Rideterminazione dei macrosettori e dei settori concorsuali. Retrieved from https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2015/11/20/15A08609/sg

Gazzetta Ufficiale, (2021). Decreto legislativo 28 febbraio 2021, n. 36. Attuazione dell’articolo 5 della legge 8 agosto 2019, n. 86, recante riordino e riforma delle disposizioni in materia di enti sportivi professionistici e dilettantistici, nonché di lavoro sportivo. Retrieved from https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2021/03/18/21G00043/sg

Gazzetta Ufficiale, (2022). Legge 29 giugno 2022, n. 79. Conversione in legge, con modificazioni, del decreto-legge 30 aprile 2022, n. 36, recante ulteriori misure urgenti per l’attuazione del Piano nazionale di ripresa e resilienza. Retrieved from https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2022/06/29/22G00091/SG

Gazzetta Ufficiale, (2024). Decreto n. 639 del 02 maggio 2024. Determinazione dei gruppi scientifico-disciplinari e delle relative declaratorie, nonché’ razionalizzazione e aggiornamento dei settori scientifico-disciplinari e riconduzione di questi ultimi ai gruppi scientifico-disciplinari, ai sensi dell’art. 15, della legge 30 dicembre 2010, n. 240. Retrieved from https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/gu/2024/05/09/107/sg/pdf

Gould, D., & Hodge, K. (1996). Psychological foundations of sport. In J. Bloom (Ed.), Pyschological Foundations of Sport (pp. 317-343). Allyn & Bacon

Hoffman, J. (2014). Physiological aspects of sport training and conditioning 2nd edition. Human Kinetics.

Ioannidis, J. P., Fanelli, D., Dunne, D. D., & Goodman, S. N. (2015). Meta-research: evaluation and improvement of research methods and practices. PLoS Biology, 13(9), e1002264. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002264

Kinesiology ACT, (2007). Retrieved from https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/07k10

Kisner, C., Colby, L. A., & Borstad, J. (2017). Therapeutic exercise: Foundations and techniques (7th ed.). F.A. Davis Company.

Knudson, D. (2023). Introduction to exercise science. Human Kinetics.

Knudson, D. (2024). Interdisciplinary kinesiology curricula: Sixth-grade band or symphony orchestra? Kinesiology Review, 14(1), 17–22. https://doi.org/10.1123/kr.2024-0059

Knudson, D. V., & Brusseau, T. A. (Eds.), (2021). Introduction to kinesiology: Studying physical activity (6th ed.). Human Kinetics.

Kohl, H. W., III, Murray, T. D., & Salvo, D. (2020). Foundations of physical activity and public health (2nd ed.). Human Kinetics.

Liguori, G., & American College of Sports Medicine (Ed.). (2021). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (11th ed.). American College of Sports Medicine; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Moses, H., Dorsey, E. R., Matheson, D. H., Cairns, B. J., & Greenland, S. (2015). Financial anatomy of biomedical research. JAMA, 313(2), 171-182. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.16643

Moustakas, L., Lara-Bercial, S., North, J., & Calvo, G. (2021). Sport coaching systems in the European union: state of the nations. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 14(1), 93–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2021.1987291

Neuendorf, K. A. (2016). The content analysis guidebook. Sage.

Raiola, G., D’Elia, F., & Altavilla, G. (2018). Physical activity and sports sciences between European Research Council and academic disciplines in Italy. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 13, https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2018.13.Proc2.13

Raiola, G., Esposito, G., Aliberti, S., Ceruso, R., & D’Elia, F. (2025). Scientific relevance and affinity in the declarations of the groups and academic disciplines in physical exercise and sport sciences. Sport Sciences for Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-025-01323-y

Reale, E. & Zinilli, A. (2017). Evaluation for the allocation of university research project funding: Can rules improve the peer review? Research Evaluation, Oxford University Press, vol. 26(3), pages 190-198. https://doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvx019

Schmidt, R. A., & Lee, T. D. (2011). Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis (5th ed.). Human Kinetics.

Downloads

Published

2025-04-30

How to Cite

Cereda, F. (2025). The shifting landscape of kinesiology in Italy: A call for epistemological re-evaluation and curricular reform. Formazione & Insegnamento, 23(1), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.7346/-fei-XXIII-01-25_19

Most read articles by the same author(s)