La Critical Incident Technique (CIT): Una tecnica qualitativa in evoluzione
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7346/-fei-XXI-02-23_17Parole chiave:
Ricerca qualitativa, Metodi qualitativi, Tecniche di ricerca qualitative, Critical Incident Technique (CIT), Incidente criticoAbstract
Il contributo esamina la Critical Incident Technique (CIT), tecnica qualitativa tra i metodi più accreditati negli ultimi anni, che viene descritta a partire dallo sviluppo di un quadro concettuale che aiuta a delineare e a comprendere le natura degli Incidenti Critici (IC) e la loro evoluzione. Gli IC, come sistema in cui diversi componenti sono interrelati e interdipendenti, aiutano a comprendere la natura dinamica dei fenomeni educativi e a considerare le diverse relazioni multiple e conseguenze simultanee in tutto il sistema dell'incidente critico, a dimostrazione che gli IC non sono lineari, in quanto i componenti di un sistema interagiscono in modo non casuale. Si tratta di una tecnica in cui la chiarezza delle domande di ricerca e la loro adeguata focalizzazione sono in grado di supportare un robusto quadro concettuale, che contribuisce a migliorare l'affidabilità del metodo stesso e a ridurre al minimo i pregiudizi del ricercatore, fornendo l’occasione per calare gli attributi di rigore e qualità all’interno di un preciso modo di fare ricerca qualitativa. La CIT viene anche esaminata dal punto di vista della natura della tecnica e della capacità del ricercatore di incidere sulla logica del processo decisionale man mano che lo studio procede, caratteristica fondamentale questa che ne connota il rigore di conduzione.
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