Efeitos de um Programa de Exercício ao Ar Livre versus Interno no Prazer, Desenvolvimento e Auto-Percepção da Competência Motora em Crianças
Palavras-chave:
Atividade física, Habilidades locomotoras, Habilidades de controle de objetos, Motivação, EstudantesResumo
Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos de um programa de exercício ao ar livre de 6 semanas no prazer, desenvolvimento e auto-percepção da competência motora em crianças em comparação com o interno. Um total de 99 crianças em idade escolar (6-8 anos) foram alocadas aleatoriamente em um grupo ao ar livre (OG, n = 49) ou um grupo interno (IG, n = 50); o OG realizou exercícios aeróbicos de moderados a vigorosos e jogos em equipe ao ar livre e o IG o mesmo programa de intervenção, mas internamente. No início e após a intervenção, a competência motora (ou seja, habilidades locomotoras e de controle de objetos) foi avaliada através de 6 testes motores da bateria Motorfit, e o prazer e a auto-percepção da competência motora (ou seja, habilidades locomotoras e de controle de objetos) foram avaliados através da Escala de Prazer da Atividade Física – Versão Italiana (PACES-it) e da Escala Pictórica de Competência de Habilidade de Movimento Percebida (PMSC-2), respectivamente. Após 6 semanas, comparado ao IG, o OG mostrou melhorias significativas (p < 0.001) nos testes de Motorfit, isto é, habilidades locomotoras (d = 0.69) e de controle de objetos (d = 1.21); PACES-it (d = 0.56); e PMSC, isto é, habilidades locomotoras (d = 0.49) e de controle de objetos (d = 0.36). Não foram encontradas mudanças significativas para o IG (p > 0.05). Os resultados mostram o impacto positivo dos programas de exercício ao ar livre no prazer, desenvolvimento e auto-percepção da competência motora em crianças em idade escolar versus interno, destacando a importância dos fatores ambientais e os benefícios potenciais das intervenções estruturadas ao ar livre.
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