Efectos de un programa de ejercicio al aire libre frente a uno interior en el disfrute, desarrollo y autopercepción de la competencia motora en niños
Palabras clave:
Actividad física, Habilidades locomotoras, Habilidades de control de objetos, Motivación, EstudiantesResumen
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos de un programa de ejercicio al aire libre de 6 semanas en el disfrute, desarrollo y autopercepción de la competencia motora en niños versus interior. Un total de 99 niños en edad escolar (6-8 años) fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo al aire libre (OG, n = 49) o un grupo interior (IG, n = 50); el OG realizó ejercicios aeróbicos de moderados a vigorosos y juegos en equipo al aire libre y el IG el mismo programa de intervención pero en interior. Al inicio y después de la intervención, la competencia motora (es decir, habilidades locomotoras y de control de objetos) fue evaluada a través de 6 pruebas motoras de la batería Motorfit, y el disfrute y la autopercepción de la competencia motora (es decir, habilidades locomotoras y de control de objetos) fueron evaluados mediante la Escala de Disfrute de la Actividad Física - Versión Italiana (PACES-it) y la Escala Pictórica de Competencia de Habilidad de Movimiento Percibida (PMSC-2), respectivamente. Después de 6 semanas, en comparación con el IG, el OG mostró mejoras significativas (p < 0.001) en: pruebas Motorfit, es decir, habilidades locomotoras (d = 0.69) y de control de objetos (d = 1.21); PACES-it (d = 0.56); y PMSC, es decir, habilidades locomotoras (d = 0.49) y de control de objetos (d = 0.36). No se encontraron cambios significativos para el IG (p > 0.05). Los hallazgos muestran el impacto positivo de los programas de ejercicio al aire libre en el disfrute, desarrollo y autopercepción de la competencia motora en niños en edad escolar versus interior, destacando la importancia de los factores ambientales y los beneficios potenciales de las intervenciones estructuradas al aire libre.
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