Profil, orientations et activités de l’enseignante de maternelle en Italie : Cendrillon ou reine du secteur éducatif ?
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.7346/-fei-XXIII-02-25_06Mots-clés :
Enquête nationale, Éducation préscolaire, Profil des enseignants, QualitéRésumé
La qualité dans l’enseignement préscolaire est essentielle, mais sa définition fait débat. Dans la littérature scientifique, on distingue au moins trois types de qualité : la qualité structurelle, la qualité des processus et les orientations du personnel, qui sont interconnectées. La qualité de l’enseignement, dans ce cadre, constitue un facteur décisif pour soutenir de manière adéquate la croissance des enfants. En Italie, toutefois, il n’existe pas d’études nationales sur cette figure clé du système préscolaire : l’enseignante de maternelle. Cette recherche vise à combler cette lacune à travers une étude quantitative centrée sur le profil et les caractéristiques des enseignantes de maternelle. Les données proviennent de l’expérimentation du Rapport d’Autoévaluation dans les écoles maternelles, menée auprès d’un échantillon national de 464 écoles et 4726 enseignantes. Les résultats révèlent qu’en dépit d’un niveau de formation moyen-faible, les enseignantes accordent une attention particulière à un climat scolaire propice au bien-être, au développement et à l’apprentissage des enfants.
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