Coopération et intelligence artificielle : Une revue critique entre gouvernance, éthique et démocratie
Résumé
Cet article propose une revue exploratoire des relations entre coopération et intelligence artificielle (IA), en analysant la manière dont les principes coopératifs peuvent orienter la conception, la gouvernance et le développement éthique des technologies intelligentes. À partir d'une analyse systématique de 70 contributions scientifiques publiées entre 2016 et 2025, l'étude identifie quatre principaux domaines de recherche : intelligence artificielle coopérative et dilemmes sociaux, gouvernance coopérative de l'IA, intelligence artificielle pour la coopération éthique (AI4EC) et intelligence artificielle démocratique. Les résultats montrent que la coopération fournit un cadre transversal - technique, politique et éducatif - capable de promouvoir des approches inclusives, participatives et éthiquement fondées de la transformation numérique. Dans cette perspective, l'éducation ne se limite pas aux contextes formels d'enseignement, mais s'étend à des processus d'apprentissage collectif, de développement des capacités et de conscience sociotechnique impliquant citoyens, éducateurs et organisations. En mettant en évidence les lacunes de la recherche et les tendances émergentes, l'article soutient que placer la coopération au coeur du débat sur l'IA signifie réaffirmer le rôle collectif de ces acteurs dans la construction de technologies orientées vers le bien-être démocratique et social.
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