O Tactical Games Model e os Small Sided Soccer Games: Uma nova perspectiva para o desenvolvimento dos componentes musculoesqueléticos em jovens jogadores de futebol
Palavras-chave:
Tactical Games Model, Aptidão musculoesquelética, Competências motoras funcionais, Desempenho esportivo, FutebolResumo
Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do uso do Tactical Games Model (TGM) e dos Small Sided Soccer Games (SSGs) em um contexto esportivo e recreativo juvenil, para melhorar as habilidades técnico-táticas e a aptidão musculoesquelética de jovens atletas. A amostra analisada inclui 29 crianças com idade média de 7,6 ± 0,72 anos, submetidas a um protocolo de dezesseis sessões de treinamento. Nas fases inicial, intermediária e final, foram aplicados testes para avaliar os níveis de aptidão musculoesquelética (FMS), as competências motoras funcionais (FMC) e o desempenho no jogo, utilizando o Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI). Os resultados indicam mudanças estatisticamente significativas em Handgrip (HG), Supine-to-Stand and go (STS&GO) e Game Involvement no que diz respeito às habilidades técnico-táticas. A adoção do protocolo TGM e dos SSGs demonstra um impacto positivo em alguns componentes do FMS, sugerindo que o TGM pode ser uma ferramenta eficaz não apenas para promover a saúde geral das crianças, mas também para melhorar habilidades motoras fundamentais relevantes para esportes como o futebol.
Referências
Algina, J., Keselman, H. J., & Penfield, R. D. (2006). Confidence intervals for an effect size when variances are not equal. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 5(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.56801/10.56801/v5.i.222
Anderson, E., & Durstine, J. L. (2019). Physical activity, exercise, and chronic diseases: A brief review. Sports medicine and health science, 1(1), 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smhs.2019.08.006
Annoscia, S., & Colella, D. (2024). La valutazione del processo di apprendimento motorio nella scuola primaria. Osservare le abilità-criterio. IUL Research, 5(9), 269-281. https://doi.org/10.57568/iulresearch.v5i9.580
Bunker, D., & Thorpe, R. (1982). A model for the teaching of games in secondary schools. Bulletin of Physical Education, 18, 5–8. DOI: 10.12691/rpbs-8-1-1
Castro-Piñero, J., Ortega, F. B., Artero, E. G., Girela-Rejón, M. J., Mora, J., Sjöström, M., & Ruiz, J. R. (2010). Assessing muscular strength in youth: usefulness of standing long jump as a general index of muscular fitness. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(7), 1810-1817. https://libkey.io/libraries/1691/DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ddb03d
Cattuzzo, M. T., dos Santos Henrique, R., Ré, A. H. N., de Oliveira, I. S., Melo, B. M., de Sousa Moura, M., ... & Stodden, D. (2016). Motor competence and health related physical fitness in youth: A systematic review. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 19(2), 123-129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.12.004
Clemente, F.; Rocha, R. The effects of task constraints on the heart rate responses of students during small-sided handball games. Kinesiol. Slov. 2012, 18, 27–35.
Clemente, F.P.; Lourenco, F.M.; Mendes, R.; Octavio, P. The effects of small-sided games and conditioned games on hearth rate responses, technical and tactical performances measured by mathematical methods. Res. J. Appl. Sci. 2016, 11, 7–13. DOI: 10.3923/rjasci.2016.7.13
Cohen, D. D., Voss, C., Taylor, M. J., Delextrat, A., Ogunleye, A. A., & Sandercock, G. R. (2011). Ten-Year Secular Changes in Muscular Fitness in English Children. Acta Paediatrica, 100, e175-e177. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02318.x
Conte, D.; Favero, T.G.; Niederhausen, M.; Capranica, L.; Tessitore, A. Physiological and technical demands of no dribble game drill in young basketball players. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2015, 29, 3375–3379. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000997
Çubukçu, Z. (2012). Teachers’ evaluation of student-centered learning environments. Education, 133(1), 49-66. https://libkey.io/libraries/1691/DOI: 10.36713/epra2016
Daga, F. A., Baseggio, L., Gollin, M., and Beratto, L. (2020). Game-based versus multilateral approach: effects of a 12-week program on motor skill acquisition and physical fitness development in soccer school children. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 60:10726. https://libkey.io/libraries/1691/DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.20.10726-6
Duncan, M. J., Lawson, C., Walker, L. J., Stodden, D., & Eyre, E. L. (2017). The utility of the supine-to-stand test as a measure of functional motor competence in children aged 5–9 years. Sports, 5(3), 67. https://libkey.io/libraries/1691/DOI: 10.3390/sports5030067
Dyson, A., Farrell, P., Polat, F., Hutcheson, G., & Gallanaugh, F. (2004). Inclusion and pupil achievement. Department for Education. https://libkey.io/libraries/1691/DOI:10.53841/bpsdeb.2004.1.109.6
Fernández-Espínola, C., Abad Robles, M. T., & Giménez Fuentes-Guerra, F. J. (2020). Small-sided games as a methodological resource for team sports teaching: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6), 1884. https://libkey.io/libraries/1691/DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061884
Fernandez-Santos, J. R., Ruiz, J. R., Gonzalez-Montesinos, J. L., & Castro-Piñero, J. (2016). Reliability and validity of field-based tests to assess upper-body muscular strength in children aged 6-12 years. Pediatric Exercise Science, 28(2), 331-340. https://libkey.io/libraries/1691/DOI: 10.1123/pes.2014-0196
García López, L. M., González Víllora, S., Gutiérrez, D., & Serra, J. (2013). Development and validation of the Game Performance Evaluation Tool (GPET) in soccer. Sport TK, vol. 2, nº 1 (2013).
Harsha, D. W., & Berenson, G. S. (1995). The benefits of physical activity in childhood. The American journal of the medical sciences, 310, S109-S113. https://libkey.io/libraries/1691/DOI: 10.1097/00000441-199512000-00019
Harvey, S., Song, Y., Baek, J., & van der Mars, H. (2016). Two sides of the same coin: Student physical activity levels during a game centered soccer unit. European Physical Education Review, 22, 411–429.
https://libkey.io/libraries/1691/DOI: 10.1177/1356336X15614783
Hill-Haas, S. V., Dawson, B., Impellizzeri, F. M., & Coutts, A. J. (2011). Physiology of small-sided games training in football: a systematic review. Sports medicine, 41, 199-220 https://libkey.io/libraries/1691/DOI: 10.2165/11539740-000000000-00000
Hodges, M., Wicke, J., & Flores-Marti, I. (2018). Tactical games model and its effects on student physical activity and gameplay performance in secondary physical education. Physical Educator, 75(1), 99-115. https://libkey.io/libraries/1691/DOI: 10.18666/TPE-2018-V75-I1-7551
Holt, N. L., W. B. Strean, and E. G. Bengoechea. 2002. “Expanding the Teaching Games for Understanding Model: New Avenues for Future Research and Practice.” Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 21: 162–176. https://doi.org/10.18666/TPE-2018-V75-I1-7551
Honório, S., Batista, M., Santos, J., Serrano, J., Petrica, J. M., Almeida, J., & Camões, M. (2022). Small-sided games for technical and tactical development in young rink hockey players. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación, (43), 778-787. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.87819
Janssen, I., & LeBlanc, A. G. (2010). Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 7, 1-16. https://libkey.io/libraries/1691/DOI:10.1186/1479-5868-7-40
Koo, T. K., & Li, M. Y. (2016). A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. Journal of chiropractic medicine, 15(2), 155-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012
Latino, F., Fischetti, F., & Colella, D. (2020). L’influenza dell’attività fisica sulle funzioni cognitive e sulle prestazioni scolastiche tra i ragazzi in età scolare: una revisione della letteratura. Formazione & insegnamento, 18(3), 124-134. https://doi.org/10.7346/-fei-XVIII-03-20_10
Laurian-Fitzgerald, S., & Fitzgerald, C. J. (2021). Time for teachers and students to take more control of learning. Különleges Bánásmód-Interdiszciplináris folyóirat, 7(1), 85-90. https://doi.org/10.18458/KB.2021.1.85
Lee, M. H., Patel, P., & Ranganathan, R. (2022). Children are suboptimal in adapting motor exploration to task dimensionality during motor learning. Neuroscience Letters, 770, 136355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136355
Liljequist D., Elfving B. and Skavberg Roaldsen K. (2019) Intraclass correlation - A discussion and demonstration of basic features. PLoS ONE 14(7): https://libkey.io/libraries/1691/DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219854
Lipoma, M. (2019). L’approccio pedagogico-educativo alle attività motorie e sportive. Formazione & insegnamento, 17(2), 7-10. https://doi.org/107346/-fei-X VII-02-19_01
Manna, I., Khanna, G. L., & Dhara, P. C. (2011). Effect of training on morphological, physiological and biochemical variables of U-19 soccer players. Baltic journal of health and physical activity, 3(4), 2. https://libkey.io/libraries/1691/10.2478/v10131-011-0023-3
Matsudo, V. K. R., Matsudo, S. M., Rezende, L. F. M. D., & Raso, V. (2015). Handgrip strength as a predictor of physical fitness in children and adolescents. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 17, 01-10. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-0037.2015v17n1p1
McClain, J. J., Welk, G. J., Ihmels, M., & Schaben, J. (2006). Comparison of two versions of the PACER aerobic fitness test. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 3(s2), S47-S57. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.3.s2.s47
McGrath, R., Johnson, N., Klawitter, L., Mahoney, S., Trautman, K., Carlson, C., ... & Hackney, K. J. (2020). What are the association patterns between handgrip strength and adverse health conditions? A topical review. SAGE open medicine, 8, 2050312120910358. https://doi.org/10.1177/205031212091035
Mesquita, I., Farias, C., & Hastie, P. (2012). The impact of a hybrid sport education–invasion games competence model soccer unit on students’ decision making, skill execution and overall game performance. European Physical Education Review, 18(2), 205-219 https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X12440027
Miller, A. (2015). Games centered approaches in teaching children & adolescents: Systematic review of associated student outcomes. Journal of teaching in physical education, 34(1), 36-58. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2013-0155
Miller, A., Christensen, E., Eather, N., Gray, S., Sproule, J., Keav, J., & Lubans, D. (2016). Can physical education and physical activity outcomes be developed simultaneously using a game-centered approach? European Physical Education Review, 22, 113–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X15594548
Mitchell, S., Oslin, J. L.; Griffin, L. (2020). Teaching sport concepts and skills: A tactical games approach. Champaign, Human Kinetics.
Moliner-Urdiales, D., Ruiz, J. R., Ortega, F. B., Jiménez-Pavón, D., Vicente-Rodriguez, G., Rey-López, J. P., ... & Groups, H. S. (2010). Secular trends in health-related physical fitness in Spanish adolescents: the AVENA and HELENA studies. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 13(6), 584-588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2010.03.004
Morales-Belando, M. T., Calderón, A., & Arias-Estero, J. L. (2018). Improvement in game performance and adherence after an aligned TGfU floorball unit in physical education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 23(6), 657-671. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2018.1530747
Muzaffar, A., & Saputra, A. (2019). Pengaruh Latihan Small Sided Game Terhadap Akurasi Passing Pada Siswa Ekstrakulikuler Futsal Smp Negeri 1 Muaro Jambi. Indonesian Journal of Sport Science and Coaching, 1(2), 81-88. https://doi.org/10.22437/ijssc.v1i2.7605
Nesbitt, D.R.; Molina, S.; Cattuzzo, M.T.; Phillips, D.S.; Robinson, L.; Stodden, D.F. (2017). Assessment of a Supine-to-Stand (STS) task in early childhood: A measure of functional motor competence. J. Mot. Learn. Devel. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2016-0049
Nevett, M., Rovegno, I., Babiarz, M., & McCaughtry, N. (2001). Changes in basic tactics and motor skills in an invasion-type game after a 12-lesson unit of instruction. Journal of teaching in physical education, 20(4), 352-369 https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.20.4.352
Ortega, F. B., Leskošek, B., Gil-Cosano, J. J., Mäestu, J., Tomkinson, G. R., Ruiz, J. R., ... & Jurak, G. (2023). European fitness landscape for children and adolescents: updated reference values, fitness maps and country rankings based on nearly 8 million test results from 34 countries gathered by the FitBack network. British journal of sports medicine, 57(5), 299-310. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2022-106176
Oslin, J. L., Mitchell, S. A., & Griffin, L. L. (1998). The game performance assessment instrument (GPAI): Development and preliminary validation. Journal of teaching in physical education, 17(2), 231-243. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.17.2.231
Oslin, J., & Mitchell, S. (2006). 5.5 Game-centered approaches to teaching physical education. Physical Education, 627.
Ouertatani, Z., Selmi, O., Marsigliante, S., Aydi, B., Hammami, N., & Muscella, A. (2022). Comparison of the physical, physiological, and psychological responses of the high-intensity interval (HIIT) and small-sided games (SSG) training programs in young elite soccer players. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(21), 13807. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113807
Popović, B., Cvetković, M., Mačak, D., Šćepanović, T., Čokorilo, N., Belić, A., ... & Bogataj, Š. (2020). Nine months of a structured multisport program improve physical fitness in preschool children: a quasi-experimental study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(14), 4935.” https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144935
Pricop, A., Florescu, O., Pelin, R., Grigoroiu, C., & Braneț, C. (2022). Study on Improving the Physical Fitness Level of Young Football Players. Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala, 14(4), 506-523. https://doi.org/10.18662/rrem/14.4/654
Randers, M. B., Nybo, L., Petersen, J., Nielsen, J. J., Christiansen, L., Bendiksen, M., & Krustrup, P. 2. (2010). Activity profile and physiological response to football training for untrained males and females, elderly and youngsters: influence of the number of players. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 20, 14-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01069.
Reilly, T. (2001). Assessment of sports performance with particular reference to field games. European Journal of Sport Science, 1(3), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390100071306
Ruiz, J.R., Castro-Piñero, J., Artero, E.G., Ortega, F.B., Sjöström, M., Suni, J., et al. (2009). Predictive validity of health-related fitness in youth: a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43 (12), 909-923. https://libkey.io/libraries/1691/DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2008.056499
Ruiz, J.R., Ortega, F.B., Gutierrez, A., Meusel, D., Sjöström, M., & Castillo, M.J. (2006a). Health-related fitness assessment in childhood and adolescence: a European approach based on the AVENA, EYHS and HELENA studies. Journal of Public Health, 14(5), 269-277.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-006-0059-z
Sarmento, H., Clemente, F. M., Harper, L. D., Costa, I. T. D., Owen, A., & Figueiredo, A. J. (2018). Small sided games in soccer–a systematic review. International journal of performance analysis in sport, 18(5), 693-749.
Schlechter, C. R., Rosenkranz, R. R., Milliken, G. A., & Dzewaltowski, D. A. (2017). Physical activity levels during youth sport practice: does coach training or experience have an influence?. Journal of sports sciences, 35(1), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2018.1517288
Sgrò, F., & Lipoma, M. (2019). Riflessioni sull’utilizzo dei Tactical Games Model nella scuola primaria. Formazione & insegnamento, 17(3 Suppl.), 193-206.
Sgrò, F., Bracco, S., Pignato, S., & Lipoma, M. (2018). Small-sided games and technical skills in soccer training: Systematic review and implications for sport and physical education practitioners. Journal of Sports Science, 6(1), 9-19. https://libkey.io/libraries/1691/DOI: 10.17265/2332-7839/2018.01.002
Sgrò, F., Quinto, A., Lipoma, M., & Stodden, D. (2024). A Multidimensional Approach to Talent Identification in Youth Volleyball through Declarative Tactical Knowledge and Functional Fitness. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 9(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9010029
Smith, L., Harvey, S., Savory, L., Fairclough, S., Kozub, S., & Kerr, C. (2015). Physical activity levels and motivational responses of boys and girls: A comparison of direct instruction and tactical games models of games teaching in physical education. European Physical Education Review, 21, 93–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X14555293
Soysal, P., Hurst, C., Demurtas, J., Firth, J., Howden, R., Yang, L., ... & Smith, L. (2021). Handgrip strength and health outcomes: Umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies. Journal of sport and health science, 10(3), 290-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.06.009
Stodden, D., & Brooks, T. (2013). Promoting musculoskeletal fitness in youth: Performance and health implications from a developmental perspective. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 35(3), 54-62. https://libkey.io/libraries/1691/DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0b013e318296391e
Stodden, D.F.; Gao, Z.; Goodway, J.D.; Langendorfer, S.J. (2014). Dynamic Relationships Between Motor Skill Competence and Health-Related Fitness in Youth. Pediatr. Exerc. Sci. 26, 231–241. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2013-0027
Uher, I., & Bukova, A. (2018). Interrelationship between Exercise and Diseases in young people: Review study. Physical Activity Review, (6), 203-212. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/par.2018.06.25
Wikarta, B. A., & Rofik, M. (2020). Latihan Small Sided Games Dalam Ketepatan Passing Pada Ekstrakurikuler Sepak Bola. SPORTIF: Journal Pendidikan Jasmani, Kesehatan, Dan Rekreasi, 5(2), 17-20. https://libkey.io/libraries/1691/DOI: 10.54438/sportif.v5i2.51
World Health Organization. (2020). WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. World Health Organization https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01037-z
World Health Organization. (2022). Health-promoting sports clubs national audit tool (No. WHO/EURO: 2022-5216-44980-64040). World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2024 Federico Gaspare Mollame, Antonino Barbagallo, Marika Santaera, Maria Pia Muzzicato, Rosaria Schembri
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Formazione & insegnamento é distribuído sob a Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
Para obter mais detalhes, consulte nossa Política de Repositório e Arquivamento, bem como nossos Termos de Direitos Autorais e Licenciamento.
