Il Modello Integrato di Accessibilità Neurofunzionale (MIAN): Un framework teorico per la comprensione del linguaggio e l’apprendimento nei bambini con impianto cocleare

Autori

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7346/-fei-XXIV-02-26_04

Parole chiave:

Modello integrato di accessibilità neurofunzionale, Impianto cocleare, Comprensione del linguaggio, Sforzo d’ascolto, Accessibilità, Apprendimento, Educazione inclusiva

Abstract

L’accesso al linguaggio parlato rappresenta un prerequisito fondamentale per l’apprendimento nei contesti educativi. Nei bambini con impianto cocleare, la percezione uditiva è ripristinata attraverso la mediazione tecnologica, ma l’accesso al suono non garantisce necessariamente né una comprensione efficiente né successo apprenditivo. Questo contributo introduce il Modello Integrato di Accessibilità Neurofunzionale (MIAN), un framework teorico che concettualizza l’accessibilità come una condizione neurofunzionale emergente dall’interazione tra qualità del segnale sensoriale, struttura dell’ambiente e disponibilità delle risorse cognitive. Nel modello, l’accessibilità è distinta dall’udibilità e definita come il grado in cui le informazioni linguistiche possono essere elaborate e stabilizzate in modo efficiente dal sistema nervoso a supporto dell’apprendimento. Una ridotta accessibilità incrementa lo sforzo d’ascolto, rialloca le risorse cognitive verso la ricostruzione percettiva e limita processi superiori quali comprensione e codifica in memoria. Il modello MIAN integra prospettive neuroscientifiche, cognitive ed educative per spiegare come la variabilità negli esiti di apprendimento dei bambini con impianto cocleare possa riflettere differenze di accessibilità piuttosto che limitazioni cognitive intrinseche. Evidenzia il ruolo della strutturazione ambientale nell’ottimizzare l’accessibilità e ridurre il carico cognitivo.

Riferimenti bibliografici

Baddeley, A. D. (2000). The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(11), 417–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01538-2

Booth, T., & Ainscow, M. (2011). The index for inclusion: Developing learning and participation in schools (3rd ed.). Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education.

Clark, A. (2013). Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36(3), 181–204. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X12000477

Florian, L. (2014). What counts as evidence of inclusive education? European Journal of Special Needs Education, 29(3), 286–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2014.933551

Florian, L., & Black-Hawkins, K. (2011). Exploring inclusive pedagogy. British Educational Research Journal, 37(5), 813–828. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411926.2010.501096

Friston, K. (2010). The free-energy principle: A unified brain theory? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(2), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2787

Klatte, M., Bergström, K., & Lachmann, T. (2013). Does noise affect learning? A short review on noise effects on cognitive performance in children. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, Article 578. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00578

Kronenberger, W. G., & Pisoni, D. B. (2019). Neurocognitive functioning in deaf children with cochlear implants. In M. Marschark & H. Knoors (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of deaf studies in learning and cognition (pp. 195–208). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190054045.013.13

McGarrigle, R., Munro, K. J., Dawes, P., Stewart, A. J., Moore, D. R., Barry, J. G., & Amitay, S. (2014). Listening effort and fatigue: What exactly are we measuring? A British Society of Audiology cognition in hearing special interest group “white paper”. International Journal of Audiology, 53(7), 433–440. https://doi.org/10.3109/14992027.2014.890296

Nelson, P. B., Kohnert, K. J., Sabur, S. B., & Shaw, D. (2005). Classroom noise and children learning through a second language: Double jeopardy? Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 36(3), 219–229. https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2005/022)

Pichora-Fuller, M. K., Kramer, S. E., Eckert, M. A., Edwards, B., Hornsby, B. W. Y., Humes, L. E., Lemke, U., Lunner, T., Matthen, M., Mackersie, C. L., Naylor, G., Phillips, N. A., Richter, M., Rudner, M., Sommers, M. S., Tremblay, K. L., & Wingfield, A. (2016). Hearing impairment and cognitive energy: The framework for understanding effortful listening (FUEL). Ear and Hearing, 37, 5S–27S. https://doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000000312

Pisoni, D. B., & Kronenberger, W. G. (2010). Executive function in deaf children with cochlear implants. In M. Marschark & P. E. Spencer (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of deaf studies, language, and education (Vol. 2, pp. 439–457). Oxford University Press.

Pisoni, D. B., Kronenberger, W. G., Roman, A. S., & Geers, A. E. (2011). Measures of digit span and verbal rehearsal speed in deaf children after more than 10 years of cochlear implantation. Ear and Hearing, 32(1 Suppl.), 60S–74S. https://doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0b013e3181ffd58e

Shannon, R. V., Zeng, F. G., Kamath, V., Wygonski, J., & Ekelid, M. (1995). Speech recognition with primarily temporal cues. Science, 270(5234), 303–304. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5234.303

Shield, B. M., & Dockrell, J. E. (2003). The effects of noise on children at school: A review. Journal of Building Acoustics, 10(2), 97–116. https://doi.org/10.1260/135101003768965960

Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning. Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1202_4

UNESCO. (2020). Global education monitoring report 2020: Inclusion and education: All means all. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373718

Wilson, B. S., & Dorman, M. F. (2008). Cochlear implants: A remarkable past and a brilliant future. Hearing Research, 242(1–2), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2008.06.005

Abstract journal-cover illustration in a warm cream, coral, crimson, amber, and aubergine palette. On the right, a highly stylised child’s side-profile silhouette wears a cochlear implant, shown as an external processor behind the ear connected to a circular coil on the side of the head. From the left, a second abstract speaking profile emits curved sound waves, scattered phonetic symbols, and letter fragments that travel across the image toward the child. Thin lines, dots, neural-network patterns, geometric blocks, and book-like forms suggest spoken language, auditory processing, cognitive effort, learning, and educational accessibility. The composition has a literary, sunset-toned modernist style, with archival paper textures and subtle library references.

##submission.downloads##

Pubblicato

2026-07-05

Come citare

Casacchia, T. (2026). Il Modello Integrato di Accessibilità Neurofunzionale (MIAN): Un framework teorico per la comprensione del linguaggio e l’apprendimento nei bambini con impianto cocleare. Formazione & Insegnamento, 24(2), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.7346/-fei-XXIV-02-26_04