Perché Feuerstein nel 21 secolo è ancora importante: per migliorare le abilità di pensiero e l’educazione inclusiva – Riflessioni in occasione del centenario dalla nascita
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7346/-feis-XX-02-22_03Parole chiave:
Esperienza di Apprendimento Mediato, Educazione inclusiva, Sindrome di Down, Deprivazione culturale, Abilità di apprendimento del Ventunesimo secolo, Programma di arricchimento strumentale FeuersteinAbstract
Benché le teorie di Feuerstein (la Modificabilità Cognitiva Strutturale e l’Esperienza di Apprendimento Mediato) e i relativi sistemi applicativi (la valutazione della propensione all’apprendimento LPAD e il Programma di Arricchimento Strumentale) abbiano già 70 anni, e non abbiano un’apparenza “moderna” in linea coi dettami del XXI secolo, essi sono ancora importanti per indirizzare i bisogni di insegnanti e studenti. Da un lato essi rispondono alle necessità di un’educazione inclusiva, sapendo accompagnare gli studenti nella loro diversità, in contesti educativi che vedono numeri crescenti di discenti con difficoltà di apprendimento o comportamentali, a volte affetti da iperattività o altre patologie. Dall’altro lato essi rispondono ai bisogni delle nostre società sempre più digitalizzate, e alla mancanza di coesione sociale. Il contributo intende indirizzare queste sfide appena evidenziate; si inizia con una riflessione critica e storico-culturale sulle “sfide cognitive del 21 secolo” e sul metodo Feuerstein. Successivamente si illustrano tre casi di studio dove la valutazione LPAD e il successivo intervento di mediazione cognitiva hanno rappresentato un punto di svolta nella traiettoria educativa dei discenti (un bambino e un adolescente con sindrome di Down, e un adolescente immigrato recentemente dall’Africa). Questi tre casi di studio offrono una base ulteriore per una riflessione su come il Feuerstein si proponga come risposta alle sfide mostrate sopra.
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