Methodological indications for the education of motor, physical and sports activity during teachers’ training

Abstract

The Italian national guidelines for the curriculum propose a vertical model centered on the educational objectives. In them, there are coherently developed for thematic field of body and movement of the nursery school, of physical education of first cycle of education and of physical activity and sports sciences of second cycle of education. However in these documents lack a methodological perspective to indicate to teachers as it would violate the freedom of teaching which is constitutionally guaranteed. The objective of the study is to open the scenario of teaching/learning methods that has a logical paradigmatic basis and as closely as possible to scientific evidence in order to homogenize the different arguments that empathize the division between the formal educational environment of the school and that informal one of sports associations. The results show that the thematic field with disciplinary characterization can be taught with cross methods between cognitive approach, with the prescriptive method, and the dynamic ecological one with the heuristic learning method; while those with inter/transdisciplinary characterization require the exclusive use of the heuristic learning method of the dynamic ecological approach to achieve the crosscutting objectives so emphasized in the Italian national guidelines: social, emotional, relational and civil coexistence. In conclusion, the work also opens up to the coher-ence between the educational project of physical and sports education and the academic training project of exercise and sports sciences; highlighting the value of a new approach the value of a new approach in teacher training that aim to ensure the acquisition of key competence, according to Recom-mendation of the European Parliament (2006 and 2018) and to create a coop-eration between University (actually the only agency in Italy authorized to offer specialization to teaching) and the Italian Olympic Committee. This perspective can be easily realized by using a core curriculum uniformly ap-plied at national level.