Interventi per la promozione delle attività motorie nella scuola primaria. Valutazione delle prestazioni motorie in relazione all’autoefficacia percepita ed al divertimento
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7346/SIRD-022020-P49Parole chiave:
Autoefficacia percepita, divertimento, obesità, scuola primaria, sviluppo motorioAbstract
Sovrappeso e obesità nell’infanzia sono fattori condizionanti lo sviluppo motorio dei bambini. Il presente studio si propone di presentare i risultati di uno studio trasversale volto a valutare e confrontare le prestazioni motorie, l’autoefficacia percepita ed il divertimento in relazione all’indice di massa corporea
(BMI) in un campione di bambini della scuola primaria. Le rilevazioni sono state svolte nell’ambito del progetto regionale SBAM, rivolto alle classi terze delle scuole primarie in Puglia per promuovere corretti stili di vita. Il campione di 1850 allievi (F: 933; M: 917) è stato suddiviso in gruppi secondo le differenze di genere e BMI (normopeso vs sovrappeso vs obeso). Le prestazioni motorie sono state valutate con quattro test motori (SLJ; 6 MWT; 10x4; MBT); l’autoefficacia percepita e il divertimento con due self-report: PSP_C e PACES. Oltre alle statistiche descrittive (M± SD), è stata eseguita l’analisi della varianza e della correlazione per evidenziare le differenze tra i gruppi. I dati hanno evidenziato una forte relazione tra BMI e prestazioni motorie, autoefficacia percepita e divertimento in entrambi i sessi. I bambini con un elevato BMI hanno mostrato prestazioni motorie e punteggi di autoefficacia percepita e divertimento inferiori rispetto al gruppo normopeso (p <.05). I risultati del presente studio suggeriscono come valori più elevati di BMI non solo influenzano negativamente le prestazioni motorie, e quindi rappresentano un indicatore di basso sviluppo motorio, ma sono associati anche a ridotti i livelli di autoefficacia percepita e divertimento.
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