Pedagogy in the Age of AI: From Information Transmission to Critical Thinking

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) provides users with quick and diverse answers. However, such an “algorithmic” approach to knowledge reduces the educational experience to a mechanical process, where learning is simply the transmission of information. Pedagogy must therefore shift its focus from the “answer” to the “question,” promoting not the transfer of knowledge, but the acquisition of skills and critical thinking. This contribution supports pedagogy as a meta-reflective learning means based on Bateson’s logical levels and Gramsci’s theory of education as an emancipatory tool. A tool that fosters complexity rather than simplifying knowledge. Only in this way will future generations acquire the necessary skills to use AI critically, rather than passively succumbing to its influence.